The three categories

In a typical Singapore F&B outlet today, you might have:

Each is a different legal and operational beast. Lumping them together in a single Excel sheet is the first step in getting their pay, leave and compliance wrong.

Different contracts

The biggest distinction is the contract of service. Employees of any kind (full-time, part-time, casual on an employment contract) have a contract of service. Gig platform workers and true independent contractors do not — they have a contract for service.

The Employment Act applies to contracts of service. The Platform Workers Act 2024 applies to a specific category of platform-mediated workers (delivery, ride-hail). True contractors fall under general civil law.

Important: Calling a worker "casual" or "part-time" in their contract does not change the substance. If you direct their work, set their shifts, supervise them and pay them directly — they are an employee. The Employment Act applies regardless of the label.

Side-by-side

AspectFull-timerPart-timerGig / casual
Employment ActAppliesApplies (Part IV based on wage)Applies if engaged as employee; PWA if platform worker
CPF (SC/PR)YesYes if >S$50/monthYes if employee & SC/PR; via platform if platform worker
Annual leave7-14 days minimumPro-ratedPro-rated if employee; none if true contractor
Medical leave14 outpatient / 60 hospitalisationPro-rated by serviceSame if employee
OT entitlement (Part IV)If basic ≤ S$2,600 (non-workman)If under thresholdIf under threshold & covered
Pay frequencyMonthlyMonthly or weeklyPer shift or via platform

Practical management challenges

One roster, three contract types

Your roster needs to know: for each worker, what is their contract type, hourly rate, weekly contracted hours (or none, for ad-hoc), and applicable rules. Without that captured per worker, you cannot calculate pay correctly.

Different pay frequencies

Full-timers usually paid monthly. Part-timers might be weekly. Gig workers per shift via a platform. If you run these in three separate systems, you have three reconciliations every month.

CPF treatment per worker

A SC full-timer under 55 gets 17% employer + 20% employee CPF. A foreign part-timer on S Pass gets FWL instead. A platform delivery rider's CPF sits with the platform. Manual lookup for every worker every payroll cycle is where errors happen.

Visibility for managers

A floor manager needs to see all three categories on the same roster screen. The lines between them blur in operations — when someone is sick, the cover might come from any of the three pools.

One platform for all three worker types

FlexiWork manages full-timers, part-timers and gig staff in one roster, with the right CPF and pay logic per worker. Including a Gig Platform (waitlist) for sourcing ad-hoc cover.

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Recruitment channels by category

The recruitment channels for each category are typically different:

The strategic shift many SG operators are making: build an internal pool of regular casuals you know, lean on agencies less, use gig platforms for genuine peak only.

The Platform Workers Act 2024 implications

Since 1 January 2025, platform workers under the PWA (delivery, ride-hail) have CPF and Work Injury Compensation entitlements. The compliance is on the platform operator, not on the businesses they serve.

What this means practically:

For the detail on the PWA, see our dedicated guide.

Fairness across categories

One of the soft challenges of mixed workforces is fairness perceptions. Full-timers often see casuals as "just casuals". Casuals sometimes feel they get the worst shifts. Part-timers can feel squeezed at both ends.

Operators that handle this well:

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a part-timer and a gig worker in Singapore? +
A part-timer is an employee on a part-time contract — Employment Act applies, pro-rated AL/MC, CPF if SC/PR. A gig worker is typically engaged on a job-by-job or platform basis. The Platform Workers Act 2024 covers platform-based workers; most casual F&B and retail staff remain employees regardless of how sourced.
Does the Employment Act apply to gig workers? +
The Act applies to employees under a contract of service. True independent contractors are not employees. Platform workers (delivery, ride-hail) have specific protections under the PWA. Casual staff you direct and pay are typically employees.
Can I avoid CPF by calling someone a gig worker? +
No. CPF obligation depends on the substance of the relationship. If you direct, supervise and pay the worker directly, they are likely an employee — CPF applies if they are SC or PR. The label in the contract does not override the substance.